ASV prezidents Donalds Tramps ir atteicies no augstu tarifu noteikšanas farmācijas produktiem un pusvadītājiem, kas importēti no Eiropas Savienības.
Pagājušajā mēnesī Tramps paziņoja, ka farmācijas produkti un pusvadītāji neietilpst ASV un ES savstarpējās tirdzniecības līgumā, kas nozīmē, ka šīm nozarēm varētu tikt piemēroti attiecīgi 250% un 100% tarifi.
Taču saskaņā ar jaunām detaļām, kas tika publicētas ceturtdien par ASV un ES līgumu, ES farmācijas un pusvadītāju tarifi tiks ierobežoti līdz 15%, tāpat kā lielākajai daļai citu nozaru tirdzniecības līgumā.
Tomēr ES vispirms būs jāpieņem tiesību akti, kas samazina ASV eksporta tarifus līdz nullei, lai panāktu 27,5% tarifu samazināšanu automašīnu eksportam līdz 15%.
Kopīgā paziņojumā par vienošanos ASV un ES norādīja, ka šis ir “pirmais solis procesā”, ko varētu paplašināt, attīstoties attiecībām.
Tirdzniecības līgums pirmo reizi tika paziņots pagājušajā mēnesī notikušajā Trampa un Eiropas Komisijas prezidentes Urzulas fon der Leienas tikšanās reizē Skotijā.
Viņi vienojās samazināt tarifus lielākajai daļai ES eksporta preču līdz 15%, kas ir puse no sākotnēji Trampa draudētās likmes, bet augstāka par Apvienotās Karalistes nodrošināto 10% tarifu.
Toreiz fon der Leiena to raksturoja kā “ietvarlīgumu”, kura detaļas tiks izstrādātas turpmākajās nedēļās.
Taču vēlāk izteiktie draudi par augstākiem tarifiem farmācijas un pusvadītāju eksportam uz ASV pastiprināja bažas, ka šie produkti tiks izslēgti no vienošanās.
Jūlijā Tramps bija draudējis atcelt farmācijas preču tarifus līdz 200%, bet 5. augustā CNBC raidījumā Tramps sacīja, ka tie galu galā varētu sasniegt pat 250%.
“Mēs vēlamies, lai mūsu valstī ražoti medikamenti,” viņš teica CNBC.
ES dalībvalsts Īrija ir nozīmīgs farmācijas produktu eksportētājs uz ASV, tāpat kā citas Eiropas valstis: arī Ozempic ražotājs Novo Nordisk atrodas Eiropā, un tā galvenā mītne atrodas Dānijā.
Ceturtdien Īrijas premjerministra vietnieks un ārlietu ministrs Saimons Hariss atzinīgi novērtēja apliecinājumu, ka 15% likme attieksies arī uz farmācijas produktiem un pusvadītājiem
“Tas nodrošina svarīgu aizsardzību Īrijas eksportētājiem, kuriem varēja tikt piemēroti daudz lielāki tarifi,” viņš teica.
Saskaņā ar kopīgo vienošanos ASV no 1. septembra piemēros jauno 15% tarifu likmi lielākajai daļai Eiropas preču, tostarp Eiropas pusvadītāju un kokmateriālu eksportam.
Apmaiņā pret to ES samazinās līdz nullei tarifus “visām ASV rūpniecības precēm”, tostarp lauksaimniecības produktiem, piemēram, svaigiem augļiem un dārzeņiem, cūkgaļai, bizonu gaļai un riekstiem.
Tikai tad, kad Eiropa atcels tarifus ASV eksportam — solis, kam nepieciešama likumdošana – , Baltais nams samazinās 27,5 % tarifu Eiropas mehānisko transportlīdzekļu eksportam līdz 15 %, teikts līgumā.
ES tirdzniecības komisārs Marošs Šefčovičs preses konferencē paziņoja, ka vienošanās paredz, ka 15 % tarifs automašīnām tiks piemērots ar atpakaļejošu spēku no tā mēneša pirmā datuma, kurā sākas likumdošanas process.
Šefčovičs sacīja, ka ES ir “stingri apņēmusies” sākt šo procesu šomēnes, un viņš ir saņēmis apliecinājumu no ASV, ka zemāks tarifs tad tiks piemērots no 1. augusta.
Eiropas Automobiļu ražotāju asociācijas ģenerāldirektore Sigrida de Vrīsa BBC raidījumā “Today” sacīja, ka ir svarīgi panākt vienošanos, taču autobūves nozare “vēl nav tikusi vaļā no briesmām”, jo ražotāji kopš aprīļa “katru dienu tarifos maksā miljoniem eiro”.
“Vienošanās paredz, ka mēs samazināsim tarifus no 27,5% līdz 15%, bet mēs vadāmies no 2,5% likmes, tāpēc ietekme joprojām būs liela,” viņa teica, piebilstot, ka tas ietekmēs cenas klientiem ASV un ārpus tās.
ES Komisijas prezidente Urzula fon der Leiena vietnē X sacīja, ka darījums piedāvā paredzamību bloka uzņēmumiem un patērētājiem, kā arī “stabilitāti lielākajā tirdzniecības partnerībā pasaulē”.
ASV tirdzniecības ministrs Hovards Latniks X sacīja, ka darījums “rada vēsturisku piekļuvi plašajiem Eiropas tirgiem” amerikāņu ražotājiem.
Vienošanās tiek noslēgta pēc vairāku mēnešu tarifu draudiem un intensīvām sarunām starp ASV un ES pēc tam, kad Tramps aprīlī pirmo reizi paziņoja, ka piemēros 30% tarifu visam Eiropas eksportam.
Tomēr abās Atlantijas okeāna pusēs valdīja vilšanās, ka vīnam un stiprajiem dzērieniem nav izdevies atbrīvot no tarifiem. Francijas vīna eksportētāju federācija FEVS paziņoja, ka tas “radīs lielas grūtības vīnu un stipro dzērienu nozarei”.
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