ASV prezidents Donalds Tramps ir draudējis ar turpmākiem tarifiem un eksporta ierobežojumiem valstīm, kuras, viņaprāt, negodīgi vēršas pret ASV tehnoloģiju uzņēmumiem.
“Digitālie nodokļi, digitālo pakalpojumu likumdošana un digitālo tirgu regulējums ir paredzēti, lai kaitētu vai diskriminētu Amerikas tehnoloģijas,” Tramps rakstīja savā sociālo mediju platformā Truth Social.
Viņš apgalvoja, ka sekos “būtiski” tarifi, ja valstis “neizrādīs cieņu” ASV tehnoloģiju uzņēmumiem, piebilstot, ka nodokļi “dod pilnīgu priekšrocību Ķīnas lielākajiem tehnoloģiju uzņēmumiem”.
Prezidents Tramps nenosauca nevienu valsti vārdā, lai gan viņa komentārus varētu uztvert kā kritiku ES Digitālā tirgus aktam (DMA) un Digitālo pakalpojumu aktam (DSA).
DMA mērķis ir nodrošināt godīgu konkurenci, neļaujot lielām digitālajām platformām monopolizēt tirgu. ES ir identificējusi Alphabet, Amazon, Apple, ByteDance, Meta un Microsoft kā tā sauktos “vārtu sargus”, kas nozīmē uzņēmumus ar nostiprinātu tirgus pozīciju. Savukārt DSA mērķis ir novērst nelikumīgas un kaitīgas darbības tiešsaistē un dezinformācijas izplatīšanos.
Apvienotajā Karalistē, tāpat kā vairākās ES dalībvalstīs, piemēram, Francijā, Itālijā un Spānijā, ir arī digitālo pakalpojumu nodoklis.
Destabilizējoši trausli nolīgumi
Trampa nostāja draud izjaukt progresu, kas panākts ar Eiropas partneriem tirdzniecības berzes mazināšanā.
Pagājušajā nedēļā ES un ASV panāca progresu attiecībā uz savu tirdzniecības paktu, kas sākotnēji tika paziņots 27. jūlijā, apgalvojot, ka tie novērsīs nepamatotus šķēršļus transatlantiskajai uzņēmējdarbībai. Nolīgums paver ceļu tarifu samazināšanai konkrētām precēm un nozarēm.
Pat ja tā, 27 dalībvalstu bloks pauda nevēlēšanos piekāpties digitālo noteikumu jomā.
“Mēs esam ļoti skaidri norādījuši ASV, ka izmaiņas mūsu digitālajos noteikumos – Digitālo tirgu aktā un Digitālo pakalpojumu aktā – nav apspriešanas priekšlikumā,” paziņojumā norādīja Eiropas Komisija.
Apvienotā Karaliste nesenajās sarunās ar ASV arī apsvēra iespēju samazināt savu 2% digitālo pakalpojumu nodokli, taču tai izdevās panākt tirdzniecības līgumu, to nedarot.
Savukārt Kanāda jūnijā atteicās no digitālā nodokļa, īsi pirms tam, kad tam bija jāstājas spēkā. Šī pavērsiena mērķis bija nomierināt Trampu un nodrošināt izdevīgāku tirdzniecības līgumu, jo īpaši pēc tam, kad ASV prezidents nodokli nosauca par “tiešu un klaju” uzbrukumu.
Trampa nesenā publikācija nav pirmā reize, kad viņš draud ar tarifiem valstīm, kas ir ieviesušas digitālo pakalpojumu nodokli.
Februārī prezidents lika ASV tirdzniecības pārstāvim apsvērt iespēju atsākt izmeklēšanu par šiem nodokļiem, kas tika uzsāktas viņa pirmā pilnvaru termiņa laikā.
Trampa draudi noteikt “eksporta ierobežojumus mūsu ļoti aizsargātajām tehnoloģijām un mikroshēmām” visticamāk, arī radīs bažas pusvadītāju uzņēmumos.
Šī gada sākumā Nvidia un AMD vienojās piešķirt ASV valdībai 15% no ieņēmumiem no mikroshēmu pārdošanas Ķīnā apmaiņā pret eksporta licencēm.
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