ES Komisijas mērķis ir izveidot konkurētspējīgu vienoto kosmosa pakalpojumu un datu tirgu, samazinot birokrātiju, aizsargājot kosmosa resursus un nodrošinot vienlīdzīgus konkurences apstākļus visiem uzņēmumiem, vēstīts trešdien ierosinātajā jaunajā ES Kosmosa aktā.
“Kosmosa likums ļaus mums augt kosmosā,” žurnālistiem sacīja ES aizsardzības un kosmosa komisārs Andrius Kubilius. “Izaugsme kosmosa jomā nozīmē izaugsmi un darbvietas uz Zemes un kosmosā,” viņš piebilda.
Regula arī cenšas risināt Eiropas sadrumstalotos kosmosa noteikumus, saskaņojot valstu pasākumus, lai bloka kosmosa tirgus būtu tīrāks, drošāks un noturīgāks.
“Šī sadrumstalotība ir slikta uzņēmējdarbībai, slikta konkurētspējai, slikta mūsu nākotnei kosmosā,” apgalvoja Kubiliuss, uzsverot, ka Eiropa vēlas lielāku līdzdalību globālajā kosmosa ekonomikā.
2023.gadā globālā kosmosa ekonomika tika novērtēta 572 miljardu eiro apmērā, un tiek prognozēts, ka tā pieaugs par aptuveni 9% gadā līdz 2035. gadam, potenciāli sasniedzot 1,6 triljonus eiro.
Tomēr līdz šim kosmosa tirgus lielā mērā ir bijis atkarīgs no publiskajiem ieguldījumiem un iestāžu programmām — jomām, kurās Eiropa riskē atpalikt.
Saskaņā ar Eiropas Kosmosa aģentūras (EKA) datiem, 2023. gadā Eiropa veidoja 11% no globālā publiskā kosmosa finansējuma (12 miljardi eiro), savukārt ASV ieguldīja 64% (vairāk nekā 65 miljardus eiro) un Ķīna – 12%.
Eiropas daļa globālajās privātajās investīcijās seko līdzīgai tendencei, Eiropas investīcijām sasniedzot 980 miljonus eiro salīdzinājumā ar ASV ieguldītajiem 3,6 miljardiem eiro.
Lai atbalstītu Eiropas rūpnieciskās un ekonomiskās klātbūtnes attīstību kosmosā, ES izpildvara trešdien arī iepazīstināja ar paziņojumu “Vīzija par Eiropas kosmosa ekonomiku”, kurā izklāstīti 40 ierosinātie pasākumi, kas paredzēti, lai palīdzētu blokam paplašināt savu dalību globālajā kosmosa tirgū.
Kosmosa ekonomika parasti tiek iedalīta trīs galvenajās jomās: augšupējais segments, kas aptver pētniecību, izstrādi, ražošanu un palaišanu; pakārtotais segments, kas koncentrējas uz lietojumiem, kuros tiek izmantotas kosmosa tehnoloģijas; un atvasinātais tirgus, kas ietver visas ekonomiskās darbības, kas gūst labumu no kosmosa sasniegumiem, piemēram, fotoelektriskajiem paneļiem.
Kubiliuss arī brīdināja, ka kosmoss kļūst arvien pārslogotāks un apstrīdētāks. “Ir pienācis laiks ieviest kosmosa ceļu satiksmes noteikumus, lai novērstu bojājumus un katastrofas, kā arī aizsargātu kosmosa pakalpojumus,” viņš teica.
Saskaņā ar ES datiem, nākamās desmitgades laikā orbītā nonāks aptuveni 50 000 jaunu satelītu un aptuveni 140 miljoni atlūzu.
Kosmosa resursi arvien vairāk ir pakļauti gan tīšiem, gan nejaušiem draudiem. Kubiliuss norādīja uz pieaugošajiem kiberriskiem un fiziskiem riskiem.
“Mēs zinām, ka mūsu sistēmās nepārtraukti notiek radiofrekvenču traucējumi, traucēšana un viltošana. Mēs zinām, ka ir daudz kiberuzbrukumu. Tāpēc ar mūsu Kosmosa likumu mēs palielināsim mūsu satelītu un kosmosa operāciju noturību,” viņš teica.
Ja regula tiks pieņemta, tā attieksies uz ES un valstu kosmosa resursiem, kā arī uz operatoriem, kas nav ES dalībvalstis un sniedz pakalpojumus Eiropas tirgū. Tomēr tas neattiektos uz militārajām darbībām.
Lai atvieglotu pāreju, Komisija plāno sniegt atbalstu uzņēmumiem, īpaši maziem un vidējiem uzņēmumiem, pārvaldīt visas ar atbilstību saistītās izmaksas.
EP deputāts Kristofs Grudlers, Parlamenta starpgrupas debesu un kosmosa jautājumos līdzpriekšsēdētājs, atzinīgi novērtēja priekšlikumu kā svarīgu pirmo soli ceļā uz kosmosa nozares izveidi ES mērogā. “Tas kopā ar gaidāmo ES Kosmosa programmu ievadīs ES orbītā globālajām kosmosa sacensībām,” viņš teica preses relīzē.
Kosmosa likumā ir iekļauti arī pasākumi, lai palielinātu ES klātbūtni satelītu palaišanas iekārtu tirgū, kurā pašlaik dominē Īlona Maska SpaceX. Viens pasākums padarītu vienotu palaišanas atļauju derīgu visā ES.
“Tas ir spēcīgs signāls, lai veicinātu inovācijas un stiprinātu Eiropas kosmosa nozares konkurētspēju, kuras izaugsmi mēs vēlamies redzēt,” secināja Grudlers.
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